Flying-machine.



l. KREITER.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED IuNEza, Isla.

1,208,984. I Patented De0.19,1916.

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J'.l KREITER. FLYING MACHINE. vAPPLICATION H'LDJUN: 2a. 1913.

Patend De@.19,1916.

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34a/vamo@ I. KREITER.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPucATloN man Jun: 2s. |913.

Patented Dec.4 19, 1916.

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FLY|NG MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED lUNE28. l9l3.

1,208,984. Patented Dec. 19,1916.

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J. KREITER.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED IUNE 2B, I9I3.

Patented Dec. 19,1916.

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FLYING-MACHINE.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Application filed lIl'une 28, 1913. Serial No. 776,359.

To all whom it may concern; Y'

Be it known that I, lJAMES KREITEB, citizenY of the United States,residing at Fredericksburg, in the county of Wayne and State of Ohio,have invented certain new and useful Improvementsv in Flying- Machines,of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in flying machines, and an objectthereof is to provide a machine of this character wherein superimposedsets of lateral oscillatory planes are employed to raise or lower themachine.

Another object of the invention contemplates the provision of a flyingmachine which is particularly designed and adapted for use inconjunction with operating means which both propels and guides themachine, the machine having a vertically extending mast secured theretoupon which are arranged the oscillatory planes or wings employedfor-elevating or lifting the machine, the said wings being constructedin such a novel and peculiar manner as to form imperforate lateralplanes during the downward stroke thereof and perforate orV ineffectualplanes during the reverse or upward stroke thereof, this beingaccomplishediby the provision of a plurality of flaprvalves so arrangedupon the planes as to operate automatically during the oscillatorymovement. v A

A further object of the invention resides in the provision of meansincluding a rearwardly extending mast or rod having a plurality ofsegmental planes arranged thereupon, the planes in question likewisebeing provided with a plurality of flap valves, thereby permittingforward oscillatory movement of the planes without checking the progressof the machine during flight, the planes or wings being operated fromthe same source of power as the said lateral planes, and the mast or rodhaving means employed in connection therewith for swinging the saidsegmental planes out of axial alinement with the car body to guide orcontrol the direction of flight of the machine. Y

The invention still further resides in the provision of simple andefficient means for oscillating the lateral as well as the various otherplanes employed in connection with the invention, the Vsaid means beingcontrolled by the rotation of a drivenfly wheel,

th Wheel harms the Operating means centrlcally pivoted thereto.

. A still further object of the invention to provide a plurality ofValternatingauxiliary segmental planes arranged near the top of thevertically extending mast and operated by the same means as the saidlateral planes, the former materially assisting in the lifting of themachine as well as maintaining the vstabilityof the machine when inoperation.

The above and additional objects are accomplished by such means'as areillustrated in their preferred embodiment inV the accompanyingdrawings,described in the following speciication and then more particularlypointed out lin the claims which are appended hereto and 'form a part ofthisl application. y

In describingV my invention in detail ref- ,Patented Dee. 19,1916.

erence will be had to the accompanying drawings `wherein likecharacters'. denote like oi" corresponding parts throughout the severalviews, and in whichz- Figure 1 is a side elevation of a liying machineconstructed' in accordance with my invention; Fig. 2 isa front view ofthe machine; Fig. 8 isV atop Vplan view of the auxiliary segmentalplanes;.Fig. 4 is a section on the line 4 4 of Fig. 3; Fig.V 5 is asection on the line 5 5 of Fig. 3; Fig. 6H

is a detail perspective view of the main or lateral planes illustratingthe manner in which Vthe operating rods are 4connected thereto; Fig. 7is an enlarged sectional view ofthe main support illustrating the mannerin which the masts are secured thereto; Fig. S is an venlargedelevation, partly broken away illustratingv the detail'arrangement ofthe flap valves upon one of the lateral planes; Fig. 9 is a section onthe line 9 9 of Fig. 8; Fig. 10 is a detailperspective viewI of oneofthe valves; Fig. 11 is an enlarged elevation of one of the liftingauxiliary segmental planes; Fig. 12 is aseotion on line 12-12 of Fig. 11Fig. 13 is a sectional view of one of theprop'e'lling segmental planes.'A

Referring now to the drawings, wherein is -illustrated the preferredform of my invention only the important details have been shown; themachine comprising, first the soY body portion and the operatingmechanismy l carried thereby, second the main or lateral planes and theoperating means employed iary segmental planes arranged above the saidlateral planes, and fourth the segmental planes carried by therearwardly extending mast. A brief description of each will follow inthe order named.

In the reduction of my invention to practice, and referring in detail tothe drawings, the numeral 1 designates the body portion of the machine,preferably wedge shaped and constructed of suitable light yet strongmaterial, the wideY or diverged end extending toward the rear of themachine to offer as little resistance as possible to the air duringiiight. An engine l2 of the type usually employed in connection withflying machines is arranged upon the deck of the car body 1 having a flywheel 3 mounted for rotation thereupon, and a forwardly extending shaft4 is journaled within suitable bearings 5 carried by the body 1 of thema-y chine. A propeller 6 of any suitable construction is mounted forrotation upon the V forward extremity of the shaft 4 for driving themachine forward during flight, the

the engine 2 of the machine.

A vertically extending mast 7 is mounted upon a suitable b ase 8positioned about midway thelength of the machine body 1, the mast 7terminating at its lower extremity in a ball member 9 adapted to fitwithin a socket 10 formed within the said base for effecting a universaljoint for the mast and permitting the same to oscillate, and in,

this manner maintain the stability of the machine when in operation.Adjustably securedto the mast 7 is a collar 11 from the opposite sidesof which a support rod 12 extends; Pivotally secured as at 13 to theextremities of the rod 12 are a pair of cross, rods 14 the extremitiesof which are pro-l vided with pins 15 adapted to iit within elongatedapertures or slots 16 formed within and extending throughout the majorportion of the length of the sides 17 of the lateral or main planesdesignated in their entirety by the numeral 18. The sides 17 oftheplanes are pivotally connected as at 19 so as to allow the planescarried by the said sides to oscillate from the said pivot point, theoscillatory movement being controlled by the movement of the cross rods14 in a manner kto be hereinafter fullyA described.

Extending parallel with the mast 7 and lsupported in such parallelrelation through the medium of brackets 2() is an operating rod 21 thelower extremity of which is pivotally secured as at 22 to ,a connectingrod 23 in turn pivotally secured as at 24 to the fly wheely Blof theengine, the pin 24 being eccentrically disposed upon the said fly wheelfor imparting a reciprocatory movement to the rod 21 according to therotation of the fly wheel 3. A. collar 25 is rigidly rotation of thepropeller being controlled by cross rods 14 to be swung from theirpivotal support 13 for imparting oscillatory movement to the planes 18,the pins V15 working within the slot 16 of the plane sides. Cross rods14 being centrally pivoted, movement thereof will oscillate the planesin the'de- 7, operation of the said planes is controlled by thereciprocatory movement of the operating rod 21. The upper extremity ofthe 7 rod 21 is connected to a vertically slidable collar arranged overthe mast 7 and to `gwhich certain of the segmental planes 31 ing slits33 extending toward the converged fend from the base thereof throughwhich rods 34 extend, one extremity of the rods being pivotally securedas at 35 to the said gcone member at the diverged end thereof :theopposite end having a slidable connec- H tion as at 36 and asillustrated in Fig. 4, with the other pair of planes 37 which are inturn pivotally secured as at 38 to a sec- 'Iond cone member 39 securedto the mast 7 "`over and above the first mentioned cone member 32. Therods 34 are adapted to work or pass through eyes 40 carried by thesliding collar 30 so that the said rods may be moved or worked accordingto the reciprocatory movement of the said collar, this arrangement ofthe rods with respect to the collar oscillating the planes 37 in the l'lof rods 42 pivotally connected as at 43 to 'i 7;

the reciprocatory collar 30 and having their opposite ends arranged inguide members carried by the planes 33 upon the under face thereof, andas the said rods 42 have slidable connection as at 45 with the lowercone Vmember 32 it will be seen that the said planes 31 may beoscillated during the reciprocatory movement of said collar. The planes31 being disposed oppositely to the planes 37, that is the planes 31being actuatable to carry out their downward stroke while the planes 37are actuatable in the opposite direction to carry out their upwardstroke, it is apparent that the said planes will at all times offerresistance to the atmosphere and prevent downward movement of themachine.

Coming now to the description of the segmental planes carried by therearwardly extending mast, the numeral 46 designates the said mast, thesame being secured as at 47 to the base 8 in a like manner to thatprovided for the vertical mast 7. An operating rod 48 extends parallelwith the'mast 46 the inner end of the rod being universally joined as at49 to a connecting rod 50 which is in turn eccentrically connected tothe ily wheel 3 in the same manner as the connecting rod abovementioned, this arrangement reciprocating the rod 48 in a like manner tothat of the operating rod 21 employed in connection with the verticallyextending shaft. A guide, as well as a support `51 extends upwardly fromthe base of the machine through which both the mast 46 and the operatingrod 48 extend, the said support having a laterally extending grooveformed therein to allow the rod and the mast to be swung out of axialalinement with the car body for controlling the direction of flight ofthe machine, any suitable means being employed for the purpose ofactuating or swinging the rod in the desired manner.

The segmental planes 52 and 53 of the rearwardly extending mast aremounted for operation in the same manner as the planes 31 and 37 abovedescribed and for this reason the detail construction of the operatingmechanism will not be described. A rudder or vertical plane 54 may bearranged over the rear extremity of the mast 46 to assist in guiding themachine according to the manipulation of the said mast in the mannervabove set forth.

Brace rods 55 are connected at one end to the car body 1 as at 56 thesaid rods extending from the said body at an angle so as to permit theiropposite ends to be connected to the vertically extending mast throughthe medium of a spring 57, the spring being disposed between the saidmast and the opposite end of the rod, this arrangement permitting themast to move or swing from the universal joint provided therefor tomaintain at all times the stability of the machine.

Emergency operating means is provided for operating the auxiliarysegmental planes 31 and 37, the said means comprising a base 58 havingan operating lever 59 pivotally secured thereto, the said lever in turnhaving a rod 60 secured thereto, the opposite end of which is secured tothe collar 30 so that the latter may be reciprocated according to themovement of the lever 59. The lever v59 is preferably operated by handand is adapted to bey lused only in cases of emergency, should theengine 2 for any reason become inoperative, when the oscillating of theplanes 31 and 37, with the resistance afforded by the lateral planes 18will eifectually check a rapid falling of the machine and will insure asafe landing thereof as well as prevent injury both to the machine andthe passengers carried thereby.

The several planes employed in connection with this invention arecomposed ofa plurality or series of flap valves 61 adapted to behingedly connected as at 62 to uniformly spaced apart parallel rods 63extending throughout the length of the several planes. The said valvesbeing loosely connected to the rods 63 it will be seen that they willnormally depend or hang suspended from the rods so as to allow the airto pass therebetween during the upward stroke of the plane, theresistance offered by the air upon the downward stroke causing thevalves to move upwardly until substantially parallel with a screen 64arranged over the top of the planes, the said valves when in thisposition providing an imperforate plane and offering a maximum amount ofresistance to the air thereby causing the machine to rise during thedownward stroke of the several planes. The valves 65 of the planes 52and 53 are arranged upon the opposite face to those of the various otherplanes so as to allow the air to pass therethrough during the forwardstroke of the planes yet automatically closing the planes and preventingthe passage of air therethrough during the rearward strokeA of theplanes, this action, taken in connection with the pull derived by therotation of the propeller 6 causes the machine to be propelled in aforward direction, the planes 52 and 53 alternating in their stroke andin this manner causing the machine to move forwardly in a smooth andregular manner.

Having described fully the construction of the machine, it now remainsto mention, a little more in detail, the operation of the same. Theengine 2 is first started for driving the propeller 6 and the Hy wheel3. As the ily wheel 3 is driven, the operating rod 21 is reciprocated byreason of the eccentric pivotal connection afforded between the said rodand the said wheel. The reciprocatory movement of the rod 21 operatesthe rods 29 which inturn operate the cross rods 14 of the main orlateral planes, and as these rods 14 are pivoted centrally to thestationary or immovable rod 12 it will be seen that the planes 18 areoscillated from their pivotal af..

52 and 53 are also simultaneously operated by the rotation of the flywheel 3 of the engine as the said planes are connected thereto throughthe medium of the rod 48 and the connecting rod 50 the former beingsecured at one end to the reciprocatory collar carried by the mast 46,the collar actuating rods connected to the planes for alternatelyoperating the same, thereby propelling the entire machine in a mannerdesired. The planes 18, as above pointed out, are arranged in pairs, theplanes of each pair being pivotally connected at the point k19 wherebyto permit of relative simultaneous movement. As the rods 29 are actuatedthrough movement of operating rod 21 it is evident that the cross rods14 will operate in unison, and by reason of their engagement with theseveral planes, cause the latter to be correspondingly moved. As theadjacent terminals of the cross rods begin to spread, the pins 15 willbe caused to move toward the outer terminals of the lslots 16 withinwhich they operate. The rods 14 being fixed against displacement at thepoint 13, and the planes 18 being fixed at the point 19' againstseparation, such movement of the pins 15 as hereinbefore mentioned, willcause the planes 18 to simultaneously oscillate or swing from a planewhich is at an angle to the horizontal to a horizontal plane. It must beremembered that the planes are not fixed against movement at the point19 but that said point, during oscillation of the planes, will rise andfall to permit oscilla- -tory movement of the cross rods 14. INere thepoint 19 fixed, then the planes would be incapable of the movement tothe extent desired.

It is to be further noted that with reference to Fig. 2 of the drawingsthose portions of planes 18 which extend outward beyond the levers 14present a greater area for the support of the machine than thoseportions of said planes which extend inward toward the central post. Asa result of this arrangement upon the outward movement of the levers 14toward the position shown in dotted lines and assuming the machine willhave the effect of causing the planes to rotate upon the pivot 19because of an upward component of air pressure upon the extremities ofthe planes and as the levers 14 continue their movement, the planes willassume the position shown in dotted lines. The planes having reached theposition stated it will be noted that those portions inward of thelevers present a greater areal to the air. The exposure of this greaterarea might have the effect of causing the planes to buckle up again wereit not for the connection of said links with the central post. Howeverit is to be understood that the rods will be assisted in their reversemovement by the upward pressure of the air upon the lower centralportions of the planes when the planes move toward their formerpositions.

By providing a universal joint or mounting for the vertically'extendingmast 7 the stability of the entire machine is maintained during flight,while the direction of travel is controlled by swinging the rearwardlyextending mast 46 laterally, the said mast be ing universally connectedwithin the base 8 as indicated at 47 in the drawings.

It will be seen from the above, taken in connection with theaccompanying drawings that an emergency operating means has beenprovided for oscillating the planes 31 and 37 should the engine for anyreason become inoperative; that the flap valves are arranged upon theseveral planes to operate automatically according to the stroke governedby the operating rods 21 and 46; and that the said planes, when the flapvalves are thrown into engagement with the screens provided therefor,are made imperforate and thereby Offer great resistance to the air andin this manner elevate the machine or propel the machine as the case maybe, in the desired manner.

In reduction to practice, I have found that the form of my invention,illustrated in the drawings and referred to in the above description, asthe preferred embodiment, is the most efficient and practical; yetrealizing that the conditions concurrent with the adoption of my devicewill necessarily vary, I desire to emphasize the fact that various minorchanges in details of construction, proportion and arrangement of partsmay be resorted to, when required, without sacrificing any of theadvantages of my invention, as defined in the appended claims.

Having thus fully described my invention, which I claim as new anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is v 1. In a flying machine, a mast,superposed cone members affixed to the mast, a plurality of auxiliarysegmental planes hingedly connected tothe uppermost cone, an operatingrod, and a connection between said rod and the several planes, thelowermost cone acting as a guide for the connecting means, substantiallyas set forth.

2. In a flying machine, a vertical mast, a pair of superposed conemembers axed to the mast, a plurality of hingedly connected auxiliarysegmental planes carried by the up permost cone, an operating rod, meansto reciprocate the mentioned rod, and means secured to the lowermostcone and actuatable through movement of the operating rod to oscillatethe several planes, substantially as described.

3. In a flying machine, a mast, superposed cones secured to the mast,the lowermost cone being slotted at diametrically opposite points, aplurality of auxiliary segmental planes hingedly connected to theuppermost cone, the mentioned planes being arranged in pairs, the planesconstituting the respective pairs being disposed at diametricallyopposite points, an operating rod, a first pair of connecting rodssecured to the loWermost cone and to one pair of the mentioned planes,said rods being engaged by the operating rod to oscillate said planes, asecond pair of connecting rods secured to the operating rod and to thelowermostlcone and to the other of the mentioned planes to oscillatesaid planes, and means to reciprocate the operating rod.

4. A flying machine having a vertically extending mast mounted upon thebody thereof, a pair of spaced apart cone members rigidly secured to thesaid mast, a plurality of segmental auxiliary planes hingedly con nectedto the upper of the said cone members, a slidable collar on said mastbeloW said cone members, rods pivotally secured to the lower of the saidcone members and to certain of the said planes, the said rods adapted tobe engaged by the said collar, rods secured to the other of the saidplanes, and to the said collar, the last mentioned rods being pivotallyand slidably secured to the lower of the said cone members, means forreciprocating the said collar, such reciprocatory movement adapted tooperate all of movable upon said mast, a plurality of Y planes hingedlyconnected toV one of said A vcone members, and means operable upon saidmast and engageable With the other of the said cone members toalternately oscillate the said planes, as and for the purpose set forth.

6. In a flying machine, a vertical mast, a pair of superposed conessecured to the mast, the loWermost cone being slotted at diametricallyopposite points, a plurality of auxiliary segmental planes hingedlyconnected to the uppermost cone, a reciprocatory operating rod, andmeans secured to the lovvermost cone and to the `auxiliary planes foroscillating said planes through reciprocatory movement of the mentionedrod, the slots aforesaid acting as a guide for the connecting means,substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of tWo Witnesses.

JAMES KREI'IER.

Witnesses:

M. E. AMBREGG, W. M. HALL.

Copies o1' this patent may be obtained for five cents each, byaddressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

